Apparatus for the treatment of fluids



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1l E. SHAW APPARATUS YFOR THE TREATMENT OF FLUIDS Original Filed Jan. 25, 1918 2 Sheels-Sheet 2 itil illli'!! SHAW, 0F TORONTO, UNTARIO, CAND.

APPARATUS FR THE TREihTll/[ENT 0F FLUIDS.

@riginal application ille-d January 26, 1918, Serial No. 213,756. Divided and this application nlcd luly all, R119. Serial No. 313,124..

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that ll, EDWARD SHAW, a subject of the King of Great Britain, residing in the city of Toronto, in the county of York, Proyincenof Ontario, Canada, have invented certain new and useful Improvements `in Apparatus for the Treatment of Fluids, of which the following is a specification.

This application is a division of my copending application No. 213,756.

This invention relates to heat exchange between a fluid flowing through a closed conduit and a iiuid external to the conduit. vln Such conduits, investigation shows that films tend to form against the walls of the con'- duit, which films are very persistent and tend to flow slowly in stream lines alongthe surfaces. These films are to a large Aextent non-,conductors of heat and greatly reduce the eciency of any apparatus in which they are allowed to form and persist.

W'hile it has been more or less vaguely realized that such films exist, it does not appear to have been recognized how extremely difhcult it is to bpeak them up nor what are the conditions which must exist in the apparatus to break them up. My experience oes to show that the desired results can only attained by forcing the fluid at a high velocity through the conduit and subjecting it to abrupt and rapidly succeeding changes of direction of movement diagonally between opposite walls of the conduit and in planes substantially arallel to the length of the conduit, there y preventing stream line flow of lms in contact-with said walls, and by constructing the apparatus with opposite walls so shaped, spaced and proportioned as to'edect the desired changes of direction of movement and to present opposite wall surfaces .along which it is impossible for any ordinary fluid to follow in a stream line flow.

Apparatus whereby my process may be put' into e'ect is illustrated 1n the accompanying drawings in which- Fig. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of a passage of an apparatus embodylng my present lnvention; n

Fig. 2 a partial longitudinal sectional v1ew taken at right an les to Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 a longitu inal sectional view of one passage of an apparatus embodyin my present improvement showing a modi cation in term;

Fig. 4 a longitudinal section of part of the modified apparatus taken at right angles to Fig. 3;

Fig. 5 a cross section of the conduit shown in Figs. 3 and 4;

Fig. 6 a detached perspective view; showing a portion of a flattened corrugated tube which embodies my invention; and

Fig. 7 a perspective longitudinal section of the form oi corrugated tube shown in Fig. 6.

Fig. 8 is an enlarged longitudinal sectional view of the corrugated portions of the tube. ln the drawings like numerals of reference indicate corresponding parts in the diderent gures.

ln Figs. 1 and 2 I show a construction embodying my improvement, whereby the objects of my invention are eciently obtained. i

ln these gures, 46 indicates an outer casing having annular ccrrugations 48, and

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provided with heads 49 and 50. dn inner casing 51 is provided with annular corrugations a. Locatedr between the inner and outer casings 46 and 51 is an inner corrugated cylinder 53 and an outer corrugated cylinder 53. The members 54 are carried by the heads 49 and 50 and into these members the pipes 55 and 56 extend. The members 54 are hollow and each is provided with ,an annular portion 54", to which the outer i cylinder is secured, and an annular portion 54', to which the inner cylinder is secured. A duid openin 57 and a uid opening 57 are provided w ereby a duid ma be circulated outside the conduit formed y the corrugated cylinders 53 and 53. Diametric ducts 57 extend through the members 54 4and communicate with the interspace between the inner cylinder and the inner casing through the orifices 54. By the means described, fluid ma becrculeted in either direction through t e interspace between the outer casing and outer cylinder, and

through the interspace between the inner casing and the inner cylinder, the space between the inner and outer cylinders being in communication with pipes 55 and 56.

From the fore oing description it will be observed that t ere is a zigzag duid passage or conduit 1 formed between the inner and outer corrugated cylinders 66 and ht a zigzag Huid passage 2 eurroun n .n outer corrugate cylinder 53 and ne till' lflb l duit when the Huid is passed through the.

conduit' at high velocity.

rI he desired effect can best be attained if the salient bends of the corrugations within the conduit are so shaped that they form cusps or apices of a pronounced character,

the corrugations between the cusps being concavely curved. Attention is called to the arrangement of the corrugations of the innerand outer cylinders 53 and 53', whereby the cusps or apices of the -corrugations of one 'cylinder are approximately opposite the centers of the curves of the corrugations of the other cylinder. This forms a passageway or conduit which has transversely extending abrupt cusps or apices to perform a function already hinted at and hereafter more fully explained. The inner and outer cylinders 53 and 53' are of such relative diamet'ers that the inner cylinder can be passed endwise through the outer cylinder to its proper fixed position.

The fluid being treated is passed through the central fluid passage 1, in one direction at a hi h velocity and under pressure, while the dui passing through the inner and outer passages 2 and 3 preferably moves in the op'- posite direction and also at high velocity and under pressure. By reason of this form of i passage or conduit, the moving fluid is rapidly and violently forced alternately against the opposite walls of the passage, which results in the breaking up of the films which tend to form against the walls of the conduit and interfere with the transfer of heat. This eect is apparently produced not only by the strong scouring action of the Huid when lits direction of movement is abru tly changed, but also to the fact that a uid iowing along the surface when it comes to the abrupt turn cannot make that turn, but

is caught and broken up in the eddy which naturally forms behind the corrugation or 'projection which produces the change of direction of movement. As the fluid is being rapidly forced through one of m zigzag conduits, it is violently jolted and t ese jolts are repeated so rapidly that the Huid is subjected to a -great many jolts within a seconds time.' e In this respect this system, therefore, di'ers from any system known to me and may be aptly termed the jolt system. By reason of this violent jolting of the Huid the inherent films of the moving Huid are torn away and broken u and I iin that my apparatus and metho is yhighly ecient as compared with those systems heretofore lmown to me.

meneer I find that the best results are attained by making the passages substantially as shown, and by arranging all the cusps of both walls in substantially longitudinal alinement with one another.

l In Figs. 3, 4 and 5 I illustrate a modificat1on, two suitably corrugated sheets of copper 44 being brazed to spacing strips 45 orming sides to the conduit. In this case I preferably arrange the outside Huid passages as indicated with the corrugations sub* stantially paralleling the corrugations of the outer walls of the sheets 44, thereby obtaining a high scouring effect on the outside of the inner conduit.

This arrangement is also followed in the form of the invention shown in Figs. 1 and 2.

Thus, as regards the outside passages, it Will be seen that a film tending to iiow along the outer wall of the inner conduit tends lo pile itself up at the points where the corrugations form re-entrant angles, while the general mass of fluid controlled in its direction of movement by the concave curve of the outer wall of the passage will impinge at these points on the iled up film and break up its stream line ow.

In Figs. 6 and 7 is shown a construction in which a copper tube 41, say 1% inches in diameter and il@ of an inch in thickness, is flattened until it has a cross section of about 2 inches by i; inch with rounded edges. I

4then corrugate the surface of the tube 41, as at 42, preferably by rolling a wheel across both the flat surfaces so that the outside`surface of the tube now becomes ribbed with a Vsuccession of transverse convex ribs, the ribs being curved outside ap rorimately on a radius of it, of an inch. he ribs on the opposite sides are alternately s aced, so that a zigzag passageway is forme in the tube by a series of semicylindrical grooves 43 eX- tending the entire width of the tube on opposite sides thereof. In cross section these grooves are ap roximately semicircles of of an inch radius, meeting in more or less abrupt cusps.

rIhe construction shown in all the drawin it will be seen is such as to sub'ect a fluid flowing at high veloc'pty to-rapi and violent movements of a jolt character, thus violently breaking u the lms of the Howing fluid which ten to form against the walls.

I have thus far referred to the apparatus and method as used for heat exchange between fluids. The method and a paratus however, is not limited to that use, ihr I that this jolt construction or system is very eilicient in the removal of water from water gas-tar, which overcomes entirely certain grave diculties which have caused trouble 1n gas-works, and may be used for any other puijplcxise for which it is adapted.

en my apparatus is used for heat ein' meager change, ll have found it to be very ecient. lFor example, with apparatus as commonly employed ll am not aware of a transfer of 1000 B. t. u.s per square foot per hour perdegree temperature dierence havin been obtained, whereas with my jolt tu e apparatus, l have exceeded 3000 B. t. u.s per hour under similar conditions.

What l claim as my invention is 1. Apparatus for the treatment of Huids for the purposes described comprising a conduit having opposite Walls corrugated to form a zig-zag passageway, the sides of the salient bends of the corrugations of one Wall within the conduit meeting at such an angle as to form acute apices, the salient bends of thevcorrugations of bothwalls being in substantially longitudinal alinement with one another.

2. Apparatus for the treatment of Huids for the purposes described comprising a conbein duit having opposite walls corrugated to form a zig-zag passageway, the salient bends of the corrugations of both walls, Within the conduit, being in staggered relationship, shaped to form acute a ices, and arranged in substantially longitu inal alinement with one another.

3. Apparatus for the treatment of fluids for the purpose described comprising a conduit having opposite Walls corrugated to form a zig-zag passageway, the corrugations shaped as aseries of concave curves meeting in cusps.

4. Apparatus constructed as set forth in claim 3 in which the points of the cusps of the corrugations of each wall are in substantial alinement with one another.

lln testimony whereof l hereunto amr my signature.

EDWARD SW. 

